Lecture Eight, 4th of December
Types of lexical Information - Morphology
1. Introduction
2. Learner's Diary
3. Tasks and Quizzes
4. Evaluation
5. References
1. Introduction
The topic of the lecture was morphology, it consists of two parts, word formation and inflection.
2. Learner's Diary
One example for word formation is the poem from Lewis Carroll Jabberwocky, taken from the book Alice through the looking glass. Carroll blended two words to create a new, better sounding word.
Morphological structure
Morphology a summary
Inflection
- function (external structure): marks the relation of words to their contexts, there is no change in the basic meaning of words
- form (internal structure): affix, stem vowel change
word formation:
- functionality (external structure): creation of new words, parts of speech, meanings
- form (internal structure): root morpheme creation, derivation, compounding
Morphemes
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words.
Two main morpheme types:
lexical morphemes (content morphemes, root)
- they have an open set: open set: girl, boy, car, box
grammatical morphemes (structural morphemes)
- closed set: you cannot invent new ones
- free: grammatical words: prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary words
- bound: affixes, suffixes (inflection, derivation) – cannot occur on their own
Morphemes and allomorphs
Morphemes are realised in different contexts by allomorphs
Inflected words have a stem and an inflection
Derivation
- based on one root
- internal structure: 1 stem + affixes
- external structure: suffixes may create new parts of speech
- new meaning
- new forms of words
Recursive definition
Definition in which the concept you are defining occurs
- integer: integer + 1
Compounds
Form at least two existing stems: whiskey-soda
4 different types of a compound
- endocentric
- bicentric
- exocentric
- synthetic compounds
- word consists s stem and the inflection
Blending
Take one part of one word and the second part of another - put them together afterwards
- brunch: breakfast & lunch
Types of lexical Information - Morphology
1. Introduction
2. Learner's Diary
3. Tasks and Quizzes
4. Evaluation
5. References
1. Introduction
The topic of the lecture was morphology, it consists of two parts, word formation and inflection.
2. Learner's Diary
One example for word formation is the poem from Lewis Carroll Jabberwocky, taken from the book Alice through the looking glass. Carroll blended two words to create a new, better sounding word.
Morphological structure
Morphology a summary
Inflection
- function (external structure): marks the relation of words to their contexts, there is no change in the basic meaning of words
- form (internal structure): affix, stem vowel change
word formation:
- functionality (external structure): creation of new words, parts of speech, meanings
- form (internal structure): root morpheme creation, derivation, compounding
Morphemes
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words.
Two main morpheme types:
lexical morphemes (content morphemes, root)
- they have an open set: open set: girl, boy, car, box
grammatical morphemes (structural morphemes)
- closed set: you cannot invent new ones
- free: grammatical words: prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary words
- bound: affixes, suffixes (inflection, derivation) – cannot occur on their own
Morphemes and allomorphs
Morphemes are realised in different contexts by allomorphs
Inflected words have a stem and an inflection
Derivation
- based on one root
- internal structure: 1 stem + affixes
- external structure: suffixes may create new parts of speech
- new meaning
- new forms of words
Recursive definition
Definition in which the concept you are defining occurs
- integer: integer + 1
Compounds
Form at least two existing stems: whiskey-soda
4 different types of a compound
- endocentric
- bicentric
- exocentric
- synthetic compounds
- word consists s stem and the inflection
Blending
Take one part of one word and the second part of another - put them together afterwards
- brunch: breakfast & lunch
3. Tasks and Quizzes
Define
Morpheme
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words.
Lexical morpheme
Lexical morphemes or content morphemes are the main components of words, they are also called roots. There is an open set of them.
Grammatical morpheme
Grammatical morphemes are structural morphemes. There are free ones: prepositions, conjunctions and auxiliary verbs and there are bound ones affixes and suffixes in inflection and word formation. There is a limited number of these as it takes a very long time for new grammatical morphemes to develop.
Stem
A stem (or base) is either a root (lexical morpheme) or a derived stem i.e. stem + affix (derivation) or a compound stem i.e. stem + stem (compounding) and nothing else is a stem.
Derived stem
A derived stem is either a root (zero derivation) or a stem plus an affix. Nothing else is a derived stem.
Compound stem
A compound stem is a derived stem or a word plus a derived stem or a word or a compound stem plus a compound stem. Nothing else is a compound stem.
What is the difference between inflection and derivation?
Inflection and word formation? Inflections do not change the basic meaning of a word, they only have grammatical meanings and they are used to put words into context and produce for example subject-verb-agreements or : he walks/ she walked/ we walk (the action stays the same only the time at which this action takes place and the number of people who do it change).
What is the difference between derivation and compounding?
In derivation you only use one stem and add an affix to create a new word, in compounding you put together two or more stems to create a new word. Synthetic compounds are a combination of both namely derivation plus a stem. There is also blending where you create new stems (blend two different words to create a new simple word).
Collect 5 longish words and divide them into morphemes
misplaced mis-place-d
biannually bi-annu-al-ly
antisocialism anto-social-ism
disagreement dis-agree-ment
surrealism sur-real-ism
Try translating Jabberwocky ….
Das Jammerloch
Es war brüllich und die glitschigen Tore
Waren wirbeln und gimbelnd in der Wabe
All mimsig waren die Burgoven
Und der Mome rät ausgrabe.
"Nimm in Acht dich vor Jammerloch!
Die Ketten die beißen, die Klauen, die schaben
Nimm in Acht dich vor dem Jubjub-Vogel und Sohn
Die furiose Bänderschlange."
Er nahm sein Vorschlag-Schwert in die Hand
Lange Zeit das Ziel seiner Träume
Er macht Rast am Tumtum-Baum
Und stand eine Weile herum.
Und als er so da stand
Das Jammerloch mit seinen Augen aus Feuer
Kam gewunden durch den dunklen Wald
Und rülpste als es kam.
Eins, zwei! Eins, zwei! Und durch und
Durch
Die vopals Klinge ging schwup-wup
Er ließ es tot and mit seinem Kopf
Ging er triumphierend nach Hause.
Und, hast du den Jammerloch besiegt?
Komm in meine Arme, mein tapferer Junge
Ein famoser Tag! Hip Hip, Hurra
Rief er in Freude aus.
Es war brüllich und die glitschigen Tore
Waren wirbeln und gimbelnd in der Wabe
All mimsig waren die Burgoven
Und der Mome rät ausgrabe.
4. Evaluation
An interesting lecture, but to much information, it was hard to follow Mr. Gibbon and the lecture.
5. References
http://wwwhomes.uni-bielefeld.de/~gibbon/Classes/Classes2007WS/ITL/index.html
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